US annual inflation accelerated to 4.2% last month, new consumer price index data showed, as expected. That adds to the recent trend of inflation speeding up, reaching the highest rate since April 2023.
Inflation outpaced wage growth for the second straight time. Average hourly earnings increased 3.4% in May from a year ago. Real earnings fell 0.7% over the year and 0.1% over the month.
Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst at Bankrate, expects inflation to remain elevated in the near term because of supply chain disruptions in the Middle East, which could mean the trend of inflation surpassing wage growth persists.
"The dividing line between the haves and the have nots is dictating whether consumers are able to keep with rising price levels," Hamrick said in an email to Business Insider. He pointed to the Fed's May Beige Book, which said consumer spending is "increasingly bifurcated across income groups amid affordability pressures," with higher-income households less affected.
Nicole Bachaud, an economist at ZipRecruiter, said wage growth falling short of inflation is putting financial strain on middle-income households. The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City echoed that sentiment in the May Beige Book, noting one firm said that "middle-income households are squeezing more life out of every dollar before deciding to spend it."
CPI rose 0.5% from April, matching the forecast and just below the previous month-over-month rise of 0.6%. Core CPI, which excludes volatile food and energy prices, rose 0.2% over the same period and rose 2.9% from a year ago. Economists expected core CPI to rise 0.3% month over month and 2.9% year over year.
The softer core reading offers "some reassurance that inflation expectations have not yet become unanchored," Arielle Ingrassia, associate director and investment specialist at Evelyn Partners, said in commentary.
The new CPI report showed energy prices heated up again, increasing 23.5% year over year, the largest rise since August 2022. Gas prices increased 40.5% from a year ago and 7% from a month ago. Food prices rose 0.2% month over month, cooler than the previous gain of 0.5%.
The inflation report is just one in a recent string of economic releases. The Bureau of Labor Statistics published its jobs report this past Friday, which showed job growth blowing past expectations, even better gains than previously reported in March and April, and steady unemployment.
Laura Ullrich, the director of economic research in North America at the Indeed Hiring Lab, told Business Insider that while the job market is healthy, it's still a tough time to be looking for work. Long-term unemployment and the median number of weeks people had been unemployed inched up in May.
Several economists said in commentary on Friday that the Fed will focus on inflation, given recently solid job growth. CME FedWatch, which estimates probabilities for where interest rates will go based on market moves, showed before the new consumer price index report a 98% chance that rates will be unchanged at next week's meeting. This will be Kevin Warsh's first time leading the meeting as Fed chair since Jerome Powell's tenure ended. Powell is staying on the board; it's to be seen how long he stays on, but his term ends in 2028.
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Madison Hoff is a reporter on Business Insider’s economy team. She covers the labor market, inflation, spending, and other data. In addition to covering new estimates and trends, her workforce reporting includes career pivots, job searching, and side hustles.She also covers downsizing, particularly people selling their houses to pursue RV living. She has also reported on how much teachers spend out of pocket and what it’s like being a caregiver.Her stories often cover the state of the economy, what experts are saying, and how people are navigating the workplace or their careers.Previously, she was a junior reporter and data editorial fellow on the Strategy team.A few of her stories:
- Job-market trend: Welcome to the 'Great Freeze': Why companies aren't firing, workers can't grow, and the unemployed can't get jobs
- Job-market trend: Everyone's focused on AI — but it's aging Americans who are quietly rewiring the job market
- Career pivot: I retired early from my federal job and took a part-time job at TJ Maxx. I'm happier and less stressed.
- Downsizing/RV living: An empty-nester couple who traded in a $400K house for an $80K RV explain their favorite parts of retirement on the road
- Job searching: People who haven't had steady work for at least a year are networking, doing temporary jobs, and soul-searching
- Side hustles: A millennial who used side hustles to pay off debt explains the lucrative and easy ones she recommends
- Teacher spending: A teacher who spent more than $5,000 of her own money to make a cozy classroom explains why it helps kids learn
